2.4.5 Access to Technology
Equity of access to technology is an important social good, and is often reflected in concerns with a growing ‘digital divide’ in society. Several researchers have examined this concern as it affects people with psychosocial disabilities and lived experience.350 For example, Til Wykes has commented in relation to mobile technology that:351
- Although mental health service user ownership of smartphones has increased there is still evidence of a digital divide. Any benefits [of mobile phone-based initiatives] for those experiencing mental health problems are, therefore, likely to be less than in the general public, due to lack of access and skills [in using mobile] devices.
In the UK, Dan Robotham and colleagues looked at ‘digital exclusion’ facing 241 participants with mental health diagnoses.352 The researchers concluded that the ‘digital divide’ was difficult to overcome but that successful steps could be taken to improve access to digital technologies for people who lack the knowledge, skill and financial resources, and that such steps could even form part of an essential service for citizenship and community wellbeing.
Digital inclusion strategies – such as subsidising the purchase of equipment, internet billing support, education to improve digital literacy, and so on – may be required to prevent people becoming excluded from both digitised health and social services, but also from society in general.353 However, addressing digital equity may also mean ensuring that people can access entirely ‘non-digital’ resources for those who do not wish to, or cannot, use digital technological approaches to care and support. Equally, it is important to avoid generalisations about people with lived experience or psychosocial disabilities’ supposed deficiencies in digital literacy and access. False assumptions about people with disabilities’ supposed passivity and incapacity can result in paternalistic, top-down approaches that falsely presume a need for state and industry intervention.354 One public inquiry in Victoria, Australia, recommended that governments could help address the ‘digital divide’ in the mental health context by ‘enabl[ing] mental health and well-being services to offer people living with mental illness or psychological distress access to devices, data and digital literacy support, where it is their preference to use digital services but they are otherwise unable to do so.355 Elsewhere in Australia, case law has established the potential for social security recipients to use their disability support funds for internet hardware and data plans.356
- 350 Liam Ennis et al, ‘Can’t Surf, Won’t Surf: The Digital Divide in Mental Health’ (2012) 21(4) Journal of Mental Health 395; Murielle Girard, Philippe Nubukpo and Dominique Malauzat, ‘Snapshot of the Supports of Communication Used by Patients at a French Psychiatric Hospital: A Digital or Social Division?’ (2017) 26(1) Journal of Mental Health 8.
- 351 Wykes (n 167)
- 352 D Robotham et al, ‘Do We Still Have a Digital Divide in Mental Health? A Five-Year Survey Follow-Up’ (2016) 18(11) Journal of Medical Internet Research e309.
- 353 Australian Human Rights Commission (n 184).
- 354 Hamraie and Fritsch (n 193).
- 355 Recommendation 60, Royal Commission into Victorian Mental Health Services. Victorian Government, Australia https://finalreport.rcvmhs.vic.gov.au/recommendations/ (accessed 1/4/22).
- 356 Gelzinnis and National Disability Insurance Agency [2021] Administrative Appeals Tribunal of Australia 3970.